These two terms are routinely confused — by founders, donors, journalists, and even some grant officers. They are not synonyms. The choice between registering as a charity (paragraph 149(1)(f)) and operating as a non-profit organization (paragraph 149(1)(l)) determines your tax exemption rules, your filing obligations, your eligible funding pools, and your governance burden for the rest of the organization's life. Here are the five differences that actually matter.